Renal cell carcinoma treatment

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer in adults, and when it spreads to the lungs it becomes one of the more difficult malignancies to manage, demanding close collaboration between oncology and pulmonary medicine. Researchers work to understand how molecular features of tumor cells—including specific genetic mutations and protein expression patterns—predict which patients will respond to targeted therapies or immunotherapy, and which will progress despite treatment. Nephron-sparing surgery has reshaped how localized disease is handled, yet metastatic RCC remains a moving target as resistance to current agents like checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF pathway blockers continues to emerge. Central open questions include how to sequence or combine these therapies for individual patients and whether deeper molecular characterization can reliably identify who will benefit before treatment begins.

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Keywords

Renal Cell CarcinomaMetastaticTreatmentTherapyPrognostic FactorsMolecular Characterization