Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments

Bladder cancer, most commonly arising from the urothelial cells lining the bladder wall, is among the more frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide and carries a significant risk of recurrence and progression if not managed carefully. Treatment depends heavily on disease stage: non-muscle-invasive tumors are often managed with transurethral resection followed by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin to reduce recurrence, while muscle-invasive disease typically calls for cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy, the surgical removal of the bladder. A central open question is identifying which patients will respond to neoadjuvant therapy before surgery, and molecular characterization of tumors is driving efforts to match specific subtypes to targeted or immunotherapy-based regimens. For metastatic disease, where prognosis remains poor, researchers are actively evaluating checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and combination strategies in hopes of meaningfully extending survival.

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Keywords

Bladder CancerUrothelial CarcinomaChemotherapyCystectomyBacillus Calmette-GuerinMolecular Characterization