Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design

Analog and mixed-signal circuit design for biomedical applications is concerned with building the hardware that converts the body's faint electrical signals—neural spikes, cardiac rhythms, chemical concentrations—into digital data that computers can process and clinicians can use. Because these circuits are typically implanted or worn on the body, engineers must squeeze aggressive performance out of extremely tight power and area budgets, often working in CMOS technology at the boundary of what the physics of transistors will allow. A low-noise amplifier has to faithfully capture microvolt-scale brain signals while consuming mere microwatts; an analog-to-digital converter must digitize those signals accurately without draining a small battery in hours. Active research is pushing toward fully integrated, wireless neural recording systems capable of monitoring hundreds of channels simultaneously, while open questions remain around how to suppress electrode noise, manage heat dissipation in tissue, and design voltage references stable enough to keep calibration drift from corrupting long-term recordings.

Works

85,441

Total citations

789,509

Keywords

CMOSLow-PowerNeural RecordingADCVoltage ReferenceLow-Noise Amplifier