Water Quality and Pollution Assessment

Water quality and pollution assessment examines how chemical, physical, and biological properties of rivers, lakes, and aquifers change across geography and time, and how human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and industrial discharge drive those changes. Researchers combine tools like principal component analysis and water quality indices to untangle the overlapping signals from natural geology and human land use, making it possible to identify which pollution sources matter most in a given watershed. A central challenge is scaling local measurements into reliable regional or basin-wide pictures, since contamination patterns shift with seasons, rainfall, and shifting land cover in ways that simple monitoring grids can miss. Active work is now focused on integrating remote sensing data with chemometric analysis to track surface and groundwater quality continuously, and on understanding how groundwater and surface water interact under increasing pressure from climate variability and population growth.

Works

103,653

Total citations

878,454

Keywords

Multivariate Statistical TechniquesWater Quality IndexSpatial and Temporal VariationsLand Use ImpactPrincipal Component AnalysisGroundwater Quality Assessment