Semantic Web and Ontologies

The Semantic Web is an effort to make information on the internet readable not just by humans but by machines, by attaching structured, standardized meanings to data rather than leaving it as raw text. Central to this work are ontologies—formal specifications of concepts and their relationships within a domain—along with languages like RDF and OWL that allow knowledge to be expressed, shared, and reasoned over across different systems. Linked Data practices extend this by connecting datasets from disparate sources so that a query language like SPARQL can retrieve and integrate information that was never designed to fit together. Active challenges include automating the alignment of ontologies built independently by different communities, scaling logical reasoning to web-sized knowledge graphs, and deciding how much expressiveness a representation language can support before inference becomes computationally intractable.

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Keywords

Semantic WebOntologyLinked DataRDFOWLSchema Matching