Graphene research and applications

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, and since its isolation in 2004 it has attracted intense research attention because its electrons behave almost like massless particles, giving it electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal performance that exceed most known materials. Chemists and materials scientists study how to grow graphene reliably at scale — primarily through chemical vapor deposition — and how to characterize its quality using techniques like Raman spectroscopy, which reveals defects and layer count from the way the material scatters light. A central challenge is translating laboratory-scale properties into practical devices: incorporating graphene into nanocomposites, transparent electrodes, or semiconductors often requires controlling its surface chemistry through derivatives like graphene oxide, which introduces new trade-offs between processability and performance. Active work continues on understanding how grain boundaries and substrate interactions limit electron mobility, and on whether related two-dimensional materials — or stacked combinations of them — can overcome limitations that graphene alone cannot.

Works

140,077

Total citations

4,588,444

Keywords

GrapheneTwo-dimensional MaterialsCarbon NanotubesNanocompositesRaman SpectroscopyChemical Vapor Deposition