GNSS positioning and interference

Global Navigation Satellite Systems — GPS and its counterparts from Russia, Europe, and China — determine position by measuring the travel time of radio signals from satellites to receivers on the ground or in orbit, achieving accuracies that range from meters down to centimeters depending on the techniques applied. Reaching that centimeter-level precision requires carefully accounting for how signals are bent and slowed by the atmosphere, how satellite orbits drift, and how ambiguities in the carrier-phase measurements are resolved — each of which introduces errors that can exceed the signal's own timing information if left uncorrected. Researchers are actively working to improve tropospheric delay models, tighten the integration of multiple satellite constellations, and develop faster ambiguity resolution methods that make high-precision positioning available in real time rather than only after lengthy post-processing. A central open question is how well these techniques hold up in challenging environments — near the poles, at high altitudes, or during periods of intense space weather — where the atmosphere and signal geometry push current models to their limits.

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Keywords

Global Navigation Satellite SystemsGNSSPrecise Point PositioningReference FrameAtmospheric EffectsOrbit Determination