Electrochemical sensors and biosensors

Electrochemical biosensors convert a biochemical event—such as a molecule binding to an enzyme or antibody—into a measurable electrical signal, making it possible to detect specific substances in blood, food, or environmental samples quickly and with minimal equipment. Much current research centers on improving sensitivity and selectivity by incorporating nanomaterials like graphene and carbon nanotubes, which dramatically increase the electrode surface area and accelerate electron transfer. Glucose sensing drives a large share of this work, motivated by the global scale of diabetes monitoring, but the same principles extend to detecting pathogens, toxins, and metabolites across medicine and industry. Active challenges include building sensors that remain stable and accurate without relying on fragile enzymes, and coupling sensing elements with enzymatic biofuel cells so that devices can harvest their own power from the analyte-containing fluid they measure.

Works

103,140

Total citations

2,425,025

Keywords

Electrochemical BiosensorsGrapheneGlucose SensorsCarbon NanotubesEnzymatic Biofuel CellsNanomaterials