Electrochemical sensors and biosensors

Electrochemical biosensors convert biological or chemical signals into measurable electrical outputs, allowing researchers to detect specific molecules — glucose being the most studied — with high sensitivity and in real time. Much of the current research centers on integrating nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes into sensor electrodes, since their large surface area and strong electrical conductivity significantly amplify detection signals compared to conventional materials. Non-enzymatic sensor designs are gaining traction as an alternative to enzyme-based approaches, which can degrade over time or lose stability under varying conditions. Key open questions include how to reliably translate laboratory-scale nanomaterial performance into manufacturable, long-lived devices, and how far enzymatic biofuel cells — which harvest energy from biological reactions while simultaneously sensing — can be pushed toward practical implantable or wearable applications.

Works

101,624

Total citations

2,385,505

Keywords

Electrochemical BiosensorsGrapheneGlucose SensorsCarbon NanotubesEnzymatic Biofuel CellsNanomaterials