Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments

Colorectal cancer surgical treatment encompasses the methods used to remove tumors from the colon and rectum, along with the therapies delivered before and after surgery to improve outcomes. A central focus in rectal cancer has been total mesorectal excision—a precise dissection technique that reduces local recurrence—combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to shrink tumors before the surgeon operates and adjuvant chemotherapy to eliminate residual microscopic disease afterward. Minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic surgery have expanded rapidly, raising ongoing questions about whether they match open surgery in oncological completeness across all tumor stages and locations. Researchers are actively working to identify reliable tumor markers and pathological response measures that could predict which patients will benefit most from aggressive treatment versus those who might safely pursue organ-sparing strategies.

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Keywords

Preoperative ChemoradiotherapyRectal CancerAdjuvant ChemotherapyLaparoscopic SurgeryTumor MarkersTotal Mesorectal Excision