CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions

Geological carbon sequestration involves injecting captured CO2 deep underground—typically into porous rock formations saturated with saline water—where it can be isolated from the atmosphere over geological timescales. As the gas migrates through these formations, it reacts with surrounding minerals and brines in ways that can either lock it permanently into solid carbonate minerals or, under the wrong conditions, compromise the integrity of the sealing rock layers above. Researchers use geochemical and reactive transport models to predict how these processes unfold across decades and centuries, since direct observation at scale remains difficult. Central open questions include how reliably caprock seals hold under sustained pressure and chemical stress, and how to identify which deep sedimentary formations worldwide offer the safest and most durable storage conditions.

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Keywords

CO2 SequestrationGeological StorageCarbon CaptureMineral CarbonationGeochemical ModelingSaline Aquifers